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| HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE |
The house is one of the building is most needed by all humans. Since ancient times people try to make a place to protect them from threats, both natural hazards such as rain, sun, or wild animals. Each production house should need ideas and techniques in the making. This is referred to as a architect. The word architect comes from the Greek word: ἀρχιτέκτων - arkhitekton which means the process, the planning, design, and construction of buildings.
Prehistoric
Before the days of the historical record, technical architecture that is found in general is a building made of stones arranged around. One of the oldest architecture is Stonehenge in southern England.
Ancient Egypt (3050 - 900 BC).
Characteristic of Ancient Egyptian architecture is usually made by the giant building powerful Pharaoh to commemorate their greatness. The building serves to provide the whole territory myth that the Pharaoh who ruled to have power because they included one of the gods of Egypt. The buildings such as the Pyramids, the Temple and the Sphinx.
Classical (850 BC - 476 AD).
Classical building is a building that developed in the era of Ancient Greece until Roman heyday. This building has a characteristic that pole, entablature, and each type has its own size and definite rules. Each building has rules and the size of each. In this era, there are 5 types of architectural techniques that later we will discuss in detail:
- Doric
- Ionic
- Corinthian
- Tuscan
- composite
Byzantine (527-565).
After the Roman Emperor Constantine moved the capital to Bezantium in the year 330, the Roman architecture evolved into a more elegant architecture combined with the art of Classical architecture. Architectural engineering is more developed when the Romans led by Emperor Justinian in the 500s.
Romanesque (800-1200).
Although the Romans began to sink, but the idea of Roman architecture spread throughout Europe. This architecture is the development of techniques Bezantium and the beginning of the birth of the famous Gothic architecture is very philosophical. The characteristics of this building is the indentation, like a dome; a very large door on a giant wall; tower; small window. Tower of Pisa is one of the buildings constructed by engineering Romanesque:
Gothic (1100-1450).
Gothic building is a building that is still influenced by Romanesque architectural engineering. Gothic architecture began in France with a blend of Romanesque and Moorish architecture of Spain. Gothic is known as typical buildings of France. One characteristic gothic building is a glass window that has the function of artistic because it makes the effects of color and light in the interior of the building. The glass usually has a carved image tententu.
In addition, another hallmark of the Gothic building is to have a high roof. Then decorated by sculptures that function as a means of worship as well as decorations.
Renaissance (1400-1600).
Renaissance architectural techniques influenced by classical Roman and Greek architecture, which stresses the accuracy of rules and forms
symmetrical when constructing a building. Architecture technique is referred to as the rebirth of classical architecture.
Baroque (1600-1830).
In 1600'an, a new building with luxury style, complex shapes, jewelry incredible, painting, carving big, grand staircase, large dome, and emphasizes the contrasts either color or shape.
Rococo architecture (1650 - 1790) is one piece of architectural engineering Baroque era.
Neoclassicism (1730-1925).
In a Rennaisance architect, Giacomo da Vignola create an article titled "The Five Orders of Architecture". A few years later a man named Andrea Palladio wrote an article with the title "The Four Orders of Architecture". These books affect the entire continent of Europe and then in turn 1700'an almost all architects of Baroque and Roccoco architecture techniques and follow techniques neo-classical architecture. The hallmark of this architectural techniques are:
- symmetry,
- masts high as the support of the building,
- dome-shaped roof,
- pediment (the upper part of the front of the building) triangular.
U.S. Supreme Court Building built in this architectural style. At first glance the building looks like a building of Ancient Greece.Kind of Beaux Arts architecture Architecture (1895 - 1925) was also taken into account as a kind of neo-classical architecture. Beaux Art in French means beautiful art.
Art Nouveau (1890-1914).
In 1800'an, the architects shift from neo-classical style because it believes that the real beauty of the building can be found in nature. This style became famous from France. The hallmark of this building is:
- asymmetrical shape,
- carved glass,
- pieces of stone.
Neo-Gothic architecture (1905-1930).
Not too much different from the ancient Gothic, Neo-Gothic means Gothic architectural techniques applied to modern buildings.
Art Deco Architecture (1925-1937).
This type of architecture has a characteristic zigzag grooves in the corner of the building (such as Zigurat, Pyramid) and also the pillars of illusion as part of architectural engineering. This building first appeared in France after World War I and began to spread around the world after years of 20'an. This type of architecture is a type of architecture that first came from the United States.
Modernist Styles in Architecture (1900 - present).
Modern architecture is not just a new style of architecture, but it is also a picture of a new way of thinking about a building. Modern architecture emphasizes function rather than pengimitasian nature or the beauty of a building. Characteristic of this building is the least even their jewelry on the building; is minimalist; emphasize the function of each room of the building; using man-made materials such as metal and concrete.
Postmodernism in Architecture (1972 - present).
Postmodern architecture more commonly known as an architectural movement that opposes modern architecture that is considered boring. This architecture is also referred to as a movement to restore the building art ornaments. This postmodern buildings often surprise people who look much different because of the buildings that are known so far. Forms of postmodern architecture does not have a standard form or formal. This architecture adopts many kinds of aesthetics of various architectural techniques are there to get an impression of uniqueness.
Thank you for reading this article, hopefully useful :) wassalam